History Test Questions Essay

Manzanar in CA – loss of $ & property – 100th Battalion – â€Å"Purple Heart† Battalion – 442nd Regimental Combat Team – fought in Italy, France, Germany – Most decorated combat unit in US history for proportion of length of service – â€Å"Buddha Heads† – Most Japanese-Americans served as soldiers in Europe while interpreters and such went to the Pacific – obvious racism/discrimination Minority group most adversely affected by Washington DC’s wartime policies was – Japanese-Americans Internment – costs – effects – camps – prejudice – military service – Nisei born in USA, so citizens The general attitude toward WWII was – less idealistic & ideological & more practical than the outlook in WWI (This is according to the textbook – What would Zinn say in Ch 16? ) In the period of 1885 to 1924, the Japanese immigrants who came to the USA were à ¢â‚¬â€œ a select group (representing Japan abroad, so Japan cared who was sent) who was/were better prepared & educated than most European immigrants (so they were middle class & usually had $) Ex. Japan felt represented – wanted to avoid Chinese bachelors of 19th century – so â€Å"picture brides† When the USA entered WWII in December (7th attack at Pearl, war declared on 8th), 1941, – a majority of Americans had no clear idea of what the war was about – * WWI had campaigned (but many people didn’t know in WWI either – Ex. Sergeant York & Gallipoli) During WWII, the US gov’t commissioned the production of synthetic rubber in order to offset the loss of access to prewar supplies in E. Asia (ex. French Indochina/Vietnam, Cambodia, & Loas) Wartime agencies & functions: War Production Board – assign priorities w/respect to use of raw materials & transportation facilities Office of Price Administration – controlled inflation by rationing essential goods War Labor Board – imposed ceilings (maximums) on wage increases Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) – saw to it that no hiring discrimination practices were used against Af-Am’s seeking employment in war industries * A Philip Randolph – 1941 threatened to march on Wash DC to demand equality in hiring – FDR feared march so made a deal to announce Executive Order #8802 for Af-Am’s fair employment in wartime industries Randoplh was leader of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters union (mostly Af-Am’s but some whites too – began in 1920s) While most US workers were strongly committed to the war effort, wartime production was disrupted by strikes led by the – United Mine Workers (Why? Exploitation w/unequal distribution of wartime profits. ) * Coal mining is almost as risky as war – in fact they die more than any other industrial workers, both back then and today – only crab ishing is truly more hazardous b y proportion – although they are much safer today During WWII – labor unions substantially increased their membership †¢ There were some strikes – Ex. United Mine Workers – unfair distribution of wartime profits * Bracero Program – p. 833 Mexicans work in agriculture & some industries (later deported in the offensive â€Å"Operation Wetback†) [Ironic after 1930’s treatment in CA for example – Okies for Mexicans, etc†¦ Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act – June 1943 – federal gov’t could seize industries if strikes occurred Ex. Coal mines and RRs briefly] p. 832 Employment of more than 6 million women in America (~3 million had never worked for wages before) industry during WWII led to – the establishment of day-care centers by gov’t (*†Rosie† vs. â€Å"Wendy†) [Usually single women or w/husband in the war were the ones working in defense plants/war industries] * Not equal pay for equal work in almost all cases – although some women earned as good or better money if they were outstanding – some were indeed Ex. P. 33 – WOW poster * My recruiting posters & WWII aircraft pictures * Not greater % of women working in USA than in Europe – Ex. Britain & USSR – in war industries * Increase in employment in war industries for Af-Am’s (both men & women) * Migrations from South as Af-Am’s leave while to the South came war industries and military bases – Why? Cheap wages & very few unions * Not a strong desire for most women to wor k for wages (especially in defense industries, etc†¦) *** p. 833 – WAACs, WAVES, SPARS, (WASPs) â€Å"GI† – â€Å"Government Issue† * USCG & Merchant Marine Main reason majority of women workers left labor force at end of WWII was – family obligation Af-Am’s did all of following during WWII: rally behind slogan of â€Å"Double V† (victory over Axis & racism at home), move north & west in large migrations (seeking work – often in war industries) (move to cities – â€Å"urban† begins to mean â€Å"black†) (ghettos created – not like Jewish ghettos in Poland, etc†¦) (de facto vs. de jure/Jim Crow segregation & discrimination – Ex. Race riots in Detroit in 1943 – later race riots in north in 1960s too), form a militant organization called the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE – 1942 & increase in NAACP membership), serve (in US military) in (US) Army Air Corps (Tuskegee Airmen – 332nd/99th w/impeccable record – no bombers lost on their escorts – Benjamin O. Davis sr. & Benjamin O. Davis jr. – West Point grads – endured silent treatment from whites – Davis sr. is first Af-Am general in US history – Davis jr. was in command of 99th squadron – see picture on . 835), What about fighting in integrated combat units? Not until Korea (w/exception of a few experiments) Which is least related to the other three? A Philip Randolph (Bro of Sleep Car Porters – threat to march on Wash DC in 1941 – led to Executive Order #8802 – in 1963, helped organize march to Wash DC for MLK jr’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC – to protect Af-Am’s to be hired and treated fairly in war industries), racial discrimination in wartime industry (still even w/FEPC there was discrimination – but better than w/out it), proposed â€Å"negro March on Washington,† What about the Smith-Connally (Anti- Strike) Act (1943)? On pp. 834-836 Migration Map on p. 834 * Cotton production in South – hurt Af-Am laborers, tenant, and sharecropping farmers (whites too who did this – many) w/ introduction of mechanization – so migration p. 836 * Native Americans – ~25,000 serve – Ex. Comanche in Europe & Navajo in Pacific – â€Å"code talkers† p. 836 *** LA, CA summer 1943 – â€Å"Zoot Suit Riots† – Pachucos vs. Servicemen – violence – retaliation – gangs – blame – reactions – tensions – â€Å"Victory Suits† – race riots p. 836-837 ** Race riot in Detroit, MI in 1943 – fatalities pp. 36-837 Big gov’t intervention received its greatest boost from – WWII (not the New Deal) During WWII, most Am’s economically experienced – prosperity & a doubling of personal income p. 837 National Gross National Product (all goods and services produced in USA) in 1940 was $100 billion – GNP grew to $200 billion in 1945 – corporate profits rose from ~$6 billion in 1940 to ~$12 billion by 1944 – Henry Stimson (Sec of War) â€Å"if you are going to try to go to war in a capitalist country, you have to let business make money out of the process, or business won’t work. p. 837 – * disposable income after war-time taxes more than doubled (but there was inflation too) – * post-war consumerism w/surplus income to purchase in post-war US economy – Ex increase 33% in post war prices b/c of high wages & consumer demand * Office of Scientific Research and Development p. 37 – developed weapons, including Atomic (nuclear) bombs – *** â€Å"warfare-welfare state† b/t 1941-1945 – * rationing – total war effort – bond drives – kids had Al drives for example, etc†¦ – Ex of poster: â€Å"When you ride ALONE, you ride with Hitler! † – Black Ma rket – Chart for Rise in National Debt – rise b/c of WWII and after war it spiked higher than during war – p. 837 On p. 38 Cost of war in $ was for USA $330 billion – 10 times more than WWI – more $ than all federal spending since 1776 – income tax – 4 times as many people than before war – some people taxed as high as 90% of income – taxes provided for 2/5ths of war cost – rest is borrowed from US public – Liberty Loans – Bond Drives – others loaned $ too like individuals who were rich tycoons & moguls and/or through corporations & banks – 1941 National Debt was $49 billion – grew to $259 billion in 1945 – war cost ~$10 million per hour at peak of war – plus blood, sweat, & tears – tremendous loss of life – Ex. USSR lost more than any other country Northward migration of Af-Am’s accelerated after WWII b/c – mechanical cotton pickers (machines) were in use p. 836 During WWII, American Indians – moved off of reservations in large numbers (~25,000 served in military) p. 836 By the end of WWII, the heart of USA’s Af-Am communities had shifted to – northern cities pp. 834-835 * p. 836 â€Å"The speed and scale of these changes jolted the migrants and sometimes the communities that received them. * Racism, de facto segregation vs. de jure (Jim Crow) segregation [Migartion Map on p. 834] National debt increased most during – World War II (and post-WWII to present) p. 838 Most $ raised to finance WWII came through – borrowing (individuals, corporations – bonds for middle class & working class people) (*Liberty/Victory Loans – bond sales – hugely promoted) p. 38 First naval battle in history in which all of the fighting was done by (aircraft) carrier-based aircraft was the Battle of – the Coral Sea (May 1942 near NE Australia – Tie to stop Japanese threat/invasion of the â€Å"Land Down Under† – USA lost one carrier – USS Lexington – USS Yorktown carrier badly damaged but back in action at Midway where she was finally sunk by a Japanese submarine after extensive damage from aircraft that left her a burning wreck) * Midway – 2nd such battle b/t carrier fleets so far apart they never see each other – June 3rd-6th, 1942 – the turning point of the Pacific war p. 839] The tide of Japanese conquest in the Pacific was turned following the Battle of – Midway (June 3rd-6th, 1942) * Details – our 3 carriers to their 4 – we sank all four and lost only one – planes – luck – plans – codes – drama – Spruance, Nimitz, etc†¦ – plus Aleutian Islands (of Alaska) attacked just before Midway was diversion, which was fairly effective – cold, brutal fighting over frozen, barren islands, but were US territory like Hawaii pp. 39-841 Japanese made a crucial mistake in 1942 in their attempt to control much of the Pacific when they – over – extended themselves instead of digging in & consolidating their gains p. 839 – Japanese victories in Pacific up through first 6 months extended down to Dutch East Indies (for oil), Southeast Asia (for rubber), including Burma and Thailand into parts of China, the Philippines, the Marianas such as Guam, the Gilbets, the Marshalls, the Solomons, the Aleutians, Korea and Manchuria, Okinawa, Iwo Jima, etc†¦- They held it for about 6 months after Pearl Harbor before Allied advances began. In waging war against Japan, the USA relied mainly on a strategy of – (leapfrogging and) island-hopping across the South (and Central) Pacific while by-passing Japanese strongholds (whenever possible – but not always – Ex. Philippines & Pelelieu & Aleutians) [MacArthur/US Army & Halsey in South – USMC & Nimitz/Spruance in Central Pacific] All strategies considered & implemented in some fashion – heavy bombing from Chinese air bases, invading SE Asia & Burma, fortifying China transporting supplies from India over â€Å"the Hump† of the Himalayas, & turning Japanese flanks in New Guinea (MacArthur) & Alaska (Aleutians) * All were done – but priority was put on USN, US Army, USMC, USAAC (USAF), & USCG in two prong drive across south & central Pacific with Adm. Nimitz calling the shots Conquest of Guam (Marianas – Tinian & Saipan too) in 1944 was especially critical, b/c from there (the Marianas) the USA could conduct round-trip bombing raids (B-29s) on Japanese home islands – But a nasty volcanic sulfur-smelling small island with large 500 foot hill on its southwestern corner on it called Iwo Jima was in the way – could notify Japan that bombers were coming – plus many damaged bombers needed the vital air strip on the island for emergency landings – so in Feb of 1945, USMC began its biggest, most-distinguished battle lasting 36 days in Hell before the island was completely secure – giving us two flag raisings on Mt. Suribachi – the 2nd becoming perhaps the most famous photograph in the entire world – â€Å"Semper Fi, Do or Die, Gung Ho! † Allies won Battle of Atlantic by – escorting convoys of merchants’ (and military) vessels (not using convoy system initially) [ Ex. Carrier & other Task Forces], dropping depth charges from destroyers, bombing submarine (U-boat) bases (Ex. located in France), deploying new technology of RADAR At war’s end, U-boat crews are in a very deadly branch of voluntarily service & still got volunteers up until the end – 4 out of 5 U-boaters die by late 1944 – Adm Downitz asked for more before war – didn’t get them, used convoy system w/ destroyer escorts – depth charges – RADAR (B-24s & B-25s, other planes as sub hunters) – SONAR – Enigma code machine & codes (read Japanese codes in Pacific too) – US subs sink lots of ships (especially in Pacific), But what about organizing â€Å"wolf packs† (which are German U-boats) to chase down German U-boats (submarines)? *** Battle of the Atlantic – Most important battle in Western Europe! Until Spring 1943, perhaps Hitler’s greatest opportunities of defeating Britain & winning the war was – the German U-boat would destroy Allied shipping (which it was faster than ships could be built early in war) Hitler’s advance in the European theater of war crested in late 1942 at the Battle of Stalingrad, after which, his fortunes gradually declined {* Leningrad, Kursk, Red Army, Counter-Offensives} pp. 841-842 Monte Cassino in Italy Allies postponed opening a second front in Europe until 1944 b/c – of British reluctance (b/c of the majority of troops would be supplied by them that early in the war) & lack of adequate resources {* We’d have gotten our butts handed to us by the Germans – as indeed we did really until 1943 – we needed to learn how to fight – Stalin was angry we left his country to suffer while we lagged in opening a second front n France to relieve the USSR – cannot blame him entirely FDR’s promi se to the Soviets to open a second front in Western Europe by end of 1942 – was utterly impossible to keep (just not ready for the undertaking really) * So USSR got pounded through most of 1942 before it went on the offensive in 1943 and until the end of the war really – meanwhile, the Allies invaded North Africa, then Sicily, then up the boot of Italy – before two major invasions of France in June & Aug of 1944 Allied demand for unconditional surrender was criticized mainly by opponents who believed that such a surrender would – encourage the enemy to resist as long as possible (but USA also did this to show a ommitment to USSR as an Ally against Germany to avoid a separate peace as in WWI) FDR’s & Churchill’s insistence on the absolute and â€Å"unconditional surrender† of Germany – eventually complicated the problems of postwar reconstruction Chronology: Casablanca, Morocco – Jan 1943 FDR & Churchill meet – Pac ific strategy, Sicily, Italy, unconditional surrender p. 842, (Cairo, Egypt before Teheran – w/FDR & Churchill discuss Chiang & Mao vs. Japanese in China), then Teheran, Iran (Persia at the time) – Nov 28th – Dec 1st, 1943 – plans for W & E attacks on Germany p. 844 – FDR, Churchill, Stalin, Potsdam, Germany – July 1945 – Truman, Churchill, Stalin – Potsdam Declaration & how to end war & post-war plans p. 851 Chronology: Invasion of (Sicily and) Italy (1943), D-Day/Normandy invasion (June 6th, 1944), VE Day 5/8/45 [my mother turned 6 years old (my father turned 6 years old 10 days later) – she had two brothers in this war (others in Korea & Vietnam) – one would come home from Europe w/2 Purple Hearts – served under Patton in N Africa & was at the Bulge – his eye was hanging out of his head attached by the optic nerve – they saved his eye – but the war messed the young man up for the res t of his life mentally carrying the burdens of death – her other brother was in Pacific – he would not come home until Japan was beaten] – VJ Day 8/15/45 – Japan’s surrender was 8/14/45 – official surrender on deck of battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay was 9/2/45 – WWII was finally over after many deaths – military & ivilian (WWII began in 1931-37 in Asia, Sept 1939 in Europe, Dec 1941 for USA in Pacific) Major consequence of Allied conquest of Sicily in Aug 1943 was – overthrow of Mussolini (first of two times) and (eventually) Italy’s surrender o Italians surrender quicker than the French – At least they claim to be â€Å"lovers not fighters† – but the Romans seriously put a foot in and/or up one’s booty in battle as a vicious warrior empire known for organization in fighting After Italian surrender in Aug 1943, – Germans poured into Italy and stalled the Allied advance (real ly until the end of the war in Northern Italy – also harsh to Italians for switching sides) Real impact of the Italian front on WWII may have been that it – delayed the D-Day invasion & allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into E Europe (â€Å"iron curtain†) Brutal fighting in Italy Ex pp. 841-842 Monte Cassino in Italy Audie Murphy was in Italy, France, & Germany 442nd Nisei were in Italy, France, & Germany US First Army – The Big Red One Tuskegee airmen (99th squadron of 332nd fighter group) Italians switched sides – Germans reinforced – bloody battles b/c of terrain – Ex. Anzio * I disagree w/this – Italy was a vital & valuable front – perhaps managed poorly, but necessary At the wartime conference in Teheran, Iran (Persia) (11-28 thru 12-1-43) (FDR, Churchill, Stalin) – plans were made for opening a 2nd front in Europe p. 844 – was Sicily & Italy before France – Stalin still not happy Cross Channel (English Channel) invasion of Normandy (in NW France) to open a 2nd front in Europe was commanded by Gen Dwight David Eisenhower (future president) [Ike] {West Point, Aide of MacArthur, Bonus Army, North Africa, Great political general – needed for this command to deal w/ the prima- onnas US Gen Patton and British Gen Montgomery (Monty) plus other issues – he was the right man for the job – although many disagreed about that at the time} ***** Normandy/D-Day June 6th, 1944 (operation Overlord) & Bre akout 5 beaches Monty, Bradley, Patton diversion pointed at Calais, French Underground, Airborne/Gliders/Paratroopers, Rangers, Amphibious, Air Superiority, Mulberry Harbors, Strategy, Hedgerows, Engineers, Etc†¦ (Saving Private Ryan, The Longest Day) In a sense, FDR was the â€Å"forgotten man† at the Democratic Convention of 1944 b/c – so much attention was focused on who would be VP (Truman – Sen from MO political machine – failed in business – US Army rtillery Major in WWI ) (VP & former Sec of Ag Henry Wallace pushed out) (FDR in poor health) ** FDR complained of a headache and then shortly thereafter died from cerebral hemorrhage sitting for a portrait in Warm Springs, GA (where his health spa for his rehab for polio was) on April 12th, 1945 – funeral train – some people had really only known FDR as president, now Truman was the great unknown trying to replace FDR – Eleanor said to Harry, â€Å"The president is dead . † Truman replied, â€Å"Is there anything I can do for you. † Mrs Roosevelt responded, â€Å"Oh no, is there anything that we can do for you, you’re the one who is in trouble now. † FDR won 1944 election primarily b/c war was going well by Nov 1944 (many thought it was all but officially won and over) Action by USA against Adolf Hitler’s campaign of genocide against the Jews – was reprehensively slow in coming – Did not admit large numbers of refugees to USA, nor bomb RR lines at death camps – USA did know – Gov’t knew for sure since 1942 when â€Å"final solution† was implemented – US gov’t knew before if they chose to believe it (plus Mein Kampf, Hitler’s book), not major reason at all really that USA fought WWII – like Civil War sort of in that abolition of slavery was a by-product that many Federal/Union soldiers did not realize they were fighting for at the beginning of the war, nor would many of them fought for that ideal anyway–my opinion–so you know it’s correct! ( Hitler’s last ditch attempt to achieve victory against the USA & British (plus other Allies) came in – Battle of the Bulge (Dec 1944-Jan 1945) My uncle FL was there – got that nasty eye wound †¢ Hurtgen Forrest (When Trumpets Fade) before Bulge near Achaen in W Germany almost on Belgian border – brutal mine fields – slaughter – overshadowed by Bulge so largely forgotten †¢ Bulge – why it’s called the Battle of the Bulge – weather – secrecy – push through weak Ardennes – Malmady – Mr. High – casualties 76,000 US – worst battle in US history (Okinawa close, Gettysburg too) – Germans lost 140,000+ – cold – no air cover for weeks – Bastogne – 101st Airborne (Band of Brothers) – 101st at Normandy, Market Garden, Basto gne, Hitler’s Eagle’s Nest – Patton & 3rd Army – costly choice to push bulge back rather than pinch it (liposuction) – air cover returns – push to the Rhine – USSR pushing from the East – USSR in Berlin – brutal As result of Battle of Leyte Gulf – Japan was finished a s a naval power (Philippines 1944 – largest naval battle ever – Halsey – Taffy 3 – Kamikazes – Yamato) [Philippines fell – 500 POWs rescued at Cabanatuan (The Great Raid) – hold outs in to 1970s] {Iwo Jima and Okinawa and Japanese home islands left to take to end Pacific war} ***** War of attrition in Pacific – to the death – rarely took prisoners on either side unless want information Potsdam Conference – issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender of â€Å"face a rain of ruin from the air† †¢ It’s already facing a â€Å"rain of ruin from the air’ as did German cities! p. 851 Potsdam Conference (Truman told Stalin of massive weapon to use on Japan – Stalin not surprised (b/c he knew from spies already) – told Truman to use it & promised to enter war in Pacific as he had agreed to earlier – entered war 8/8/ 45, day before 2nd A-bomb on Nagasaki that time, Hiroshima the first on 8/6/45) Total unconditional surrender or be destroyed – threat of more bombing – not specific as to use of an atomic bomb – more bombing – so what – already taking that! Spending of enormous sums of money on the original (to be used against Germany) atomic (nuclear) bomb project (Manhattan Project) was spurred by the belief that – the American public would not tolerate the (massive) casualties that would result from a land invasion of Japan (***** Much More Complex Than That! ***** Letter â€Å"c† in the answer choices – The Japanese were (still) at work (and more successful than Germans – who tried heavy water in Norway but suffered to sabotage attacks – one at the plant, the other sinking a ferry w/the heavy water on board – still at bottom of the lake in Norway) on an atomic bomb of their own (claim to have detonated one in Manchuria ) ***** Japanese had lots of weapons ready for the Final Battle or invasion of Japan, which was planned & ready to go – they also had chemical weapons from Shiro Ishi’s Unit 731 in Manchuria – chemical & biological weapons – delivery systems – Ex. High altitude balloons, flea bombs, etc†¦- USA made post-war deal w/ the Devil! No war crimes trials for vivisections, experiments, infection of disease, anthrax, plague, etc†¦ The â€Å"unconditional surrender† policy toward Japan was finally modified by – agreeing to let Japan’s Emperor Hirohito stay on the throne (w/Democratic gov’t) * No war crimes trials for emperor – Tojo took the fall for emperor – no Shiro Ishi or members of Unit 731 unlike Nazis – let Japan have terms that Germany did not get – then USA – built up former enemies (W Germany & Japan) into allies while former allies (USSR< etc†¦) became enemies – COLD WAR! The following were qualities of US participation in WWII: A group of highly effective military & political leaders, an enormously effective effort in producing weapons & supplies (usually more, & later, better equipment than enemies – out produced the Axis), the preservation of the American homeland against invasion or destruction from air (small submarine skirmishes & some off-shore shelling, & some balloons w/explosives in 48 continental USA), the maintenance & re-affirmation of strength of democracy, What about a higher % of military casualties than any other Allied nation (USA had least casualties of big ones – USSR suffered more casualties than any country on either side) ————————————————————————————————————————————â₠¬â€ p. 27 FDR as â€Å"all wise† for Germany first strategy over those who disagree – Pacific war always get ripped off p. 828 Allies Trade Space for Time * German (& Japanese) scientists – weapons – A-Bombs pp. 829-832 The Shock of War pp. 830-831 Japanese-Am Internment (Farewell to Manzanar) Issei, Nisei, Exec Order #9066 (100th/442nd) pp. 832-833 Building the War Machine * strikes Ex Coal Miners – exploited, underpaid – share profits Kaiser shipbuilding pp. 833-834 Man power & Woman power – Braceros (later deportations in â€Å"Operation Wetback†) – Rosie (Wendy) – day-cares p. 834 War migration map pp. 835-837 wartime migrations p. 835 Tuskegee Airmen photo p. 835 A Philip Randolph (Exec Order #8802) **** (Charles Drew – Af-Am did first successful blood transfusion – put in charge of Allied blood banks – he was forced to segregate blood too – his death outside a hospital after an a ccident – died waiting for a blood tranfusion b/c white hospital would not admit him) p. 835 Double V, CORE – 1942, NAACP membership increases p. 836 Comanche (Europe) & Navajo (Pacific) â€Å"code talkers† pp. 836-837 Zoot Suit Riots in LA, CA 1943 & Detroit, MI 1943 â€Å"Sudden rubbing against one another of unfamiliar peoples produced some distressingly violent action. † pp. 837-838 Holding the Homefront p. 837 National Debt Chart pp. 838-839 The Rising Sun in the Pacific p. 838 Map of Luzon, Bataan, & Corrigador (Philippines) p. 838 (Mao and ) Chiang Kai-shek resist Japanese w/Allied help p. 38 Flying â€Å"the Hump† in Himalayas (b/c of Burma Road – Merril’s Mauraders & Gen Stillwell) p. 838 â€Å"ill-trained† Filipinos, MacArthur holds fast – delays Japanese – Bataan Death March (POW rescue) p. 839 Japan’s High Tide at Midway (plus Aleutians) pp. 839-841 American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo (island-hop ping & leapfrogging like blitzkrieg Pacific style) * Book does opposite of Europe First strategy of Allies †¢ Guam (Saipan – suicides), Marianas â€Å"Turkey Shoot’ F6F Hellcat kill ratio †¢ 6-20-44 Battle of Philippine Sea – massive Japanese losses p. 840 Map of Pacific War p. 841 Churchill – â€Å"The Hun is always either at you throat or at your feet. † pp. 841-842 The Allied Halting of Hitler p. 41 Battle of the Atlantic – U-boats, destroyers, RADAR, SONAR, Enigma, New U-boats (not enough early in war – Downitz) – no sub can stay under indefinitely b/c food is limitation (U-571) pp. 842-843 A Second Front from North Africa to Rome p. 842 USSR lost ~20 million pp. 842-843 â€Å"unconditional surrender† debate & results pp. 843-846 D-Day: June 6th, 194p. 845 Examining the Evidence – Teheran 1943 – Overlord Discussion (* Dieppe in France) p. 844 Ike chosen to command D-Day invasion – (fei gnt w/Patton at Calais – codes, underground, paratroopers, Rangers, 5 beaches, air power, Mulberry harbors, etc†¦) p. 846 D-Day (Agincourt 1415 – officer recited Shakespeare) in picture caption p. 846 Aug 1944 invasion of S France (A Murphy) pp. 846-847 FDR: Four Termite of 1944 p. 47 Focus on VP – Truman – on Sen Committee for Wasteful Spending – told to stop investigating Manhattan Project – he later learns it was Atomic Bombs p. 848 FDR defeats Dewey – FDR had Rep owned newspapers against him again p. 848 Quote from Congresswoman Clare Booth Luce – â€Å"He lied us into war because he did not have the political courage to lead us into it. † pp. 848-849 The Last Days of Hitler p. 849 Map of Battle of the Bulge * 76,000 casualties – worst US battle ever – so far * Okinawa & Gettysburg were both very bad too Bulge mistakes p. 848 bombings pp. 848-849 (Remagen) Rhine River crossing into Germany p. 849 H olocaust – camps liberated – horrors known now for all (unit 731 in Manchuria) p. 849 FDR’s deathVE Day 5-8-45 pp. 49-851 Japan Dies Hard – US subs sinking Japanese ships – cutting off Japan’s vital lifeline sank 1. 042 ships ~50% of Japan’s merchant fleet p. 850 Bombings in Japan Ex. Tokyo 3/9-10/1945 ~83,000 KIA p. 850 Leyte Gulf, Iwo Jima, & Pkinawa – short-changed as usual by textbooks that suck! Iwo Jima 6,000 KIA not 4,000 Okinawa 50,000 US casualties (KIA, WIA, MIA, POW) @ Okinawa, Japanese had ~200,000 military & civilian casualties p. 851 2nd Flag Raising (Flags of Our Fathers, Letters from Iwo Jima, The Sands of Iwo Jima) p. 851 Kamikazes (Saipan & Leyte, then Iwo & Okinawa – worst of all – no Final Battle – would’ve been worst) †¢ They had lots stored up for the Final Battle pp. 851-853 Atomic Bombs p. 52 Hiroshima picture – post-bomb on 8-6-45 180,000 KIA, WIA, MIA 70,000 KIA instantly 60,000 died later from radiation, etc†¦ p. 852 USSR enters war in Pacific on 8-8-45 day before Nagasaki 8-9-45 KIA of 40,000 instantly, more later USSR invaded Manchuria & North Korea (not a country split N & S until 1950) 8-14-45 Japan surrendered 8-15-45 VJ Day official surrender on deck of battleship USS Missouri (Big Mo) on 9/2/45 w/MacArthur , etc†¦ pp. 853-854 The Allies Triumphant p. 853 US casualties ~ 1 million ~1/3rd KIA †¢ plasma, penicillin, (quanine for malaria), etc†¦. (medics, corpsman, doctors, nurses) USSR lost ~20 million plus more casualties 13. 6 million military killed plus 7. 2 million civilians killed plus up to 30 million more wounded and refugees p. 853 US attacked on W coast Ex balloons w/bombs, etc.. & submarines on both coasts p. 853 â€Å"In the end, the US showed itself to be resourceful, tough, and adaptable to accommodate itself to the tactics of an enemy who was relentless and ruthless. † Kind of funny given US hi story – don’t you think? p. 854 VJ Day 8-15-45 image p. 854 production marvels – won war through production – more of everything – then eventually better & more! Churchill – â€Å"Nothing succeeds like excess. † Herman Goering (Head of German air force/Luftwaffe – â€Å"Americans can’t build planes – only electric ice boxes and razor blades. † Goering also said that the P-51 Mustang (US fighter plane) won the war for the Allies p. 854 â€Å"But the American people preserved their precious liberties without serious impairment. † What would Zinn say? Is this a reference to loss of liberties during WWI – Espionage and Sedition Acts? What would â€Å"enemy aliens† and citizens interned during the war say? Ex. Italian & German internment Japanese-American internment p. 854 Chronology p. 855 World War II: Triumph or Tragedy? Post-war scholarship was to avoid isolationist appeasement in Cold War Another paralleled 1930’s revisionist of post-WWI said US should have stayed out – made it worse Another thought FDR was naive isolationist Others thought FDR was a calculating interventionist Another focused on Atomic Bombs controversy – racism issue or timing b/c Germans were beaten already Gar Alperovitz said bomb was used to scare USSR & hurry surrender MartinJ. Sherwin said we dropped A-bombs when ready to end was ASAP w/bonus of scaring USSR ***** Textbook ignores Rises to Power of Totalitarian leaders like Stalin (communist), Mussolini (fascist), Hitler (fascist), & Japan’s militarist gov’t w/emporer Hirohito led by Tojo early in war – he took the fall It does not explain the role of the emperor in Japan’s gov’t Battle of Berlin – brutal pay back – refugees – rapes – POWs – Hitler’s death

Effects Of Downsizing Of The Army Downsizing Essay

Effects of Downsizing The impact of the Army downsizing is nothing new. This rapid demobilization of forces has transpired after every major conflict. The most recent downsizing effort was from the Persian Gulf. The Army was an incredibly powerful force around 730,000 in 1990 and rapidly downsized to 508,000 in 1995. Once again, the Army is repeating itself, projecting to shrink the active force from 566,000 during the height in 2011 to a speculated 420,000 reaching this in the fiscal year 2017 (Trice, 2015). A disturbing fact is that the unemployment rate for veterans outpaces that of the rest of the country at 6.8% rate verses that of the non-veterans of 5.7% (Watson, 2014). The strain of a growing unemployment rate among veterans rapidly increases in small towns throughout the United States especially those where units are deactivating. Economic Effects As the downsizing and restructure of the Army continues, cities all over the country also feel the sting of Soldiers leaving the service. Two cities outside of Fort Benning, Phenix City and Columbus Georgia, have reported they will miss an estimated $229 million dollars in sales due to the elimination of the 3rd Brigade Combat Team (Adams, 2015). Other concerning factors are the civilian employees that currently work on Fort Benning. They may also be out of work due to the restructure. This ripple effect will continue throughout other privately owned businesses. For instance, the apartments Soldiers currentlyShow MoreRelatedThe Military Of American Army Downsizing1445 Words   |  6 Pagesevolving military environment, needs the US Army redouble its efforts to reduce the uncertainty associated with the downsizing. There are some predominant principles that can guide the Army’s efforts in minimizing the impact of uncertainty during the force reduction. Even with major political and legislative challenges, keeping balance among the different proportions of readiness is a goal of US defense policy. During the budgetary preparation, downsizing of the armed forces often becomes one ofRead MoreMilitary Downsizing Consequences After Major Conflicts1087 Words   |  5 PagesMilitary Downsizing Consequences After major conflicts, the government downsizes its military numbers significantly, losing the best-qualified leaders to lead the future’s military. This drastic method of downsizing the military after major conflicts harms our troops and could harm the future of our great nation. If the nation really needs to downsize its military, then it should be done in a very careful manner and to pay extra attention to not losing the best qualified leaders it currently hasRead More Effects of Downsizing Essay2449 Words   |  10 PagesEffects of Downsizing Downsizing has been known by several different names, in the late 1970s and the early 1980s it was called reduction-in-force, as of late it has been called restructuring government, privatization, contracting out and last but not least downsizing. In the public sector it is called privatization. In business it is called downsizing. Otherwise its known as contracting out. Code words change but the intent is the same. (DIAF 99) Public governments seem to think thatRead MoreNational Security Requirements Exercised The Most Significant Influence On The United States Before The Second World War1302 Words   |  6 Pagestype of warfare, the air power theorists of the 1920s were able to predict a rapid development in aerial technology and made claims for their future utilization in air warfare. After WWI, a dramatic downsizing of the British and American armies took place and the two nations deemed a large standing army as unnecessary. As Biddle argues, â€Å"They came to see bomber airc raft as means of fighting wars at relatively low cost to themselves, avoiding a repetition of the harrowing experience of the 1914-18Read MoreRecruitment And Retention Battalion For The State Of Georgia971 Words   |  4 Pagesimprove that organization. The organization I will highlight is the Recruiting and Retention Battalion for the Army National Guard for the state of Georgia. Section 2: Content. My paper will cover the need for change within the Recruiting and Retention Battalion for the state of Georgia. The organization is charged with the job of finding eligible and qualified individuals to join the Army National Guard for the state of Georgia. They are getting ready to go through some major organizational changesRead MoreRecruitment And Retention Battalion For The State Of Georgia974 Words   |  4 Pagesimprove that organization. The organization I will highlight is the Recruiting and Retention Battalion for the Army National Guard for the state of Georgia. Section 2: Content. My paper will cover the need for change within the Recruiting and Retention Battalion for the state of Georgia. The organization is charged with the job of finding eligible and qualified individuals to join the Army National Guard for the state of Georgia. They are getting ready to go through some major organizational changesRead MoreShortage Of Nurses And Healthcare Workers1439 Words   |  6 Pages Review of Literature In the 1900’s private and government reimbursement declined causing â€Å"many health care organizations, and hospitals to begin downsizing to achieve cost containment by eliminating registered nursing jobs by replacing RN’s with unlicensed assistive personnel. This downsizing and shortsightedness regarding recruitment and retention contributed to the beginning of an acute shortage of RN’s in the late 1990’s. Unlike other earlier nursing shortages, whichRead MoreLetting Go: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)1017 Words   |  5 Pagesvisible and signs don’t always show right away. Americas Army is downsizing, and returning soldiers are returning home mentally unprepared to face the challenge of being in an environment where they should feel at ease. The crimes soldiers are committing from substance abuse and military misconduct are obvious cries for help, but the Army finds that getting rid of these soldiers proves to be easier. These soldiers w ho are removed from the Army are stripped of all military benefits and are left homeRead MoreThe Versailles Treaty World War I Ended1310 Words   |  6 Pagesensured that national identity and independence was preserved limiting Germany powers. Like with everything in life there were some negative effects of the treaty. The worst â€Å"side effect† was that it lead to World War II giving rise to Hitler’s powers. The Germans were deeply hurt placing â€Å"war guilt† on Germany. Once WWI ended one of the biggest side effects of WWI was the physical destruction, besides millions of people died or got injured, starved or suffered from male nutrition and epidemic diseasesRead MoreManaging Risk With Change : Managing Organizational Change1178 Words   |  5 Pagesdecisions that offer very little information either short term, or long term, judgement comes more into the equation than factual information. In these instances managing risk becomes an ongoing process. When you are unaware of all of the possible effects of decisions you must constantly reevaluate the situation and make needed changes immediately in order to mitigate future risk. As the changes unfold risk can become clearer and more effectively mitigated. Managing Risk with Change

Spanish Words Without a One-Word English Equivalent

Here are some Spanish words for which there is no good one-word English equivalent: Amigovio/amigovia This word is fairly new and has various meanings dependent on context, but it often refers to a live-in girlfriend or boyfriend, or a friend with benefits. Katrina era mi amigovia, pero desde que estoy con Belà ©n no la vi mà ¡s. (Katrina was my friend with benefits, but since Ive been with Belà ©n I dont see her any more.) Anteayer The day before yesterday, formed by combining ante (before) and ayer (yesterday). Ese es el restaurante al que fuimos anteayer. (That is the restaurant we went to the day before yesterday.) Aprovechar Although this verb can often be translated simply as to use, it often carries a strong connotation of getting the most out of something. No pude aprovechar de la piscina del hotel porque prefiero la playa. (I couldnt take advantage of the hotels swimming pool because I prefer the beach.) Bimestre As a noun, a bimestre is a period of two months. El ahorro en un bimestre fue de 2,500 euros. (There was a savings of 2,500 euros in two months.) As an adjective, bimestre means bimonthly (every two months). Cacerolazo A type of protest in which participants bang on pots and pans. Los cacerolazos comenzaron ayer temprano en Buenos Aires. (The pots-and-pans protest began early yesterday in Buenos Aires.) Centenar A group of 100. The word is often used as an approximation for a large group. Un centenar de inmigrantes de origen subsahariano han intentado saltar la valla de Melilla. (About 100 sub-Saharan immigrants have tried to jump the fence at Melilla.) Concuado/concuada Someone married to a sibling of your spouse is a concuà ±ado or concuà ±ada. La esposa del hermano de mi esposa is mi concuà ±ada. My wifes brothers wife is my concuà ±ada. Consuegro/consuegra If you have a child, his or her spouses parents are your consuegros. For example, your sons wifes mother would be your consuegra. No sà © si mi consuegra es mi amiga or mi enemiga. (I dont know if my childs spouses mother is friend or foe.) Decena Just as a docena is a dozen or group of 12, a decena is a group of 10. Puedes comprar flores por decena. (You can buy flowers 10 at a time.) Desvelarse This reflexive verb refers to not getting sufficient sleep. Cuando nos desvelamos, el cuerpo obtiene energà ­a de una fuente mà ¡s accesible: la comida. (When we dont get enough sleep, the body gets energy from the most accessible source: food.) Someone who is sleep-deprived is desvelado. Empalagar To be excessively sweet, either literally (as of some candy) or figuratively (as with personality). Te voy a enseà ±ar mi receta particular, por causa de que la original me empalaga. (Im going to send you my own recipe, because the original is too sweet for me.) Entrecejo The area above the nose, below the forehead and between the eyebrows. Quiero quitarme sin dolor los pelos del entrecejo. (I want to painlessly remove the hairs between my eyebrows.) Estrenar To wear, use, perform or display something for the first time. Estrenà © las zapatillas que mi marido me habà ­a regalado. (For the first time, I put on the slippers that my husband had given me.) A noun form, estreno, can refer to a movie or play premiere or similar events. Friolento Sensitive to cold. Era friolento y se cubrà ­a los hombros con un suà ©ter. (She was sensitive to the cold and covered her shoulders with a sweater.) Friolero has the same meaning. Estadounidense From or of the United States. American is a common equivalent but is sometimes ambiguous as it can also refer to someone or something from the Americas. La cultura estadounidense està ¡ construida por la clase media. (U.S. culture was built by the middle class.) Internauta Internet user. Internauta is not capitalized and can be masculine or feminine. El acceso a Internet para la poblacià ³n mexicana representa al menos 55.3 millones de internautas. (Internet access for the Mexican population is available to at least 55.3 million Internet users.) Manco Having one arm, either from birth or as an amputee. Un dà ­a conocà ­ una muchacha manca. (One day I met a one-armed girl.) Quincena This is a period of 15 days or two weeks. British English has fortnight, which is seldom used in American English. Esta quincena es la mà ¡s tranquila del aà ±o en Pamplona. (This two-week period is the quietest of the year in Pamplona.) The word can also refer to the 15th of the month, when many workers in some countries get paid. Sobremesa After-meal conversation, from sobre (over) and mesa (table). Con poco tiempo para la sobremesa volvemos a la carretera. (With little time to chat after eating, we went back to the highway.) Trasnochar To stay up all night or put in an all-nighter. Nos trasnochà ¡bamos jugando juegos como Islander y Super Mario. (We would stay up all night playing games such as Islander and Super Mario.) Tuerto Having only one eye, or seeing with only one eye. Se llama Pirata por ser tuerto. (He was called Pirate because he had one eye.) Tutear To speak to someone using tà º, the familiar form of you. A cultural equivalent might be to speak with someone on a first-name basis. Nunca habà ­a llegado al punto de tutear a alguien. (I never have reached the point of using tà º with someone.)

Organizational Behavior Trends - 1619 Words

Organizational Behavior Trends Outline: 1. Definition of OB and related terminologies. 2. Role of decision making in OB environments. 3. Conflicts involved in decision making processes in organizations. 4. Rifts between managerial level staff and operations level workforce. 5. Stakeholders in decision making in a corporate hierarchy. 6. Self-inflicted ethical dilemmas and differences, causes for it. 7. Values and goals affecting causing ethical dilemmas in OB 8. Globalization and its strategic alliances. 9. Impact of technological advancements in organizational environments. 10. Techno stress and other stress factors in organizational environments. 11. Survey results of organizational stress and prevalence. 12. Pros and cons of stress†¦show more content†¦At one time or another, ethical decisions affect all of these constituencies, and ethical considerations may change based on the particular group of stakeholders affected. When an organization operates ethically, the people who manage that organization evaluate the organizations business practices in light of human values of morality. An ethical dilemma occurs when two or more values or goals (e.g., profit, growth, technological progress, desire to contribute to some basic good) conflict. The best solution to any problem almost always involves a cost of some kind. The difficulty is that ethical behavior often collides with the bottom line at least in the short-run. But things are changing. The word is getting out: Ethical behavior is good business Ââ€" it contributes to organizational success. A reputation for honesty and integrity attracts and holds customers and it will ultimately show up in the bottom line. Organizations that have strong ethical values and consistently display them in all their activities derive other benefits: improved management control, increased productivity, avoidance of litigation, and an enhanced company image that attracts talent, improves morale, and earns the publics good will. For todays managers, leading effectively therefore also meansShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior Trends1159 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Organizational Behavior is the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations. Organizational Culture is the basic pattern of common assumptions, values, and beliefs leading the way employees within an organization think about and act on problems and opportunities. Organizational Trends are patterns of change over time in some variable of interest. In this paper we will evaluate two trends in organizational behavior. The influence of ethics on decision-makingRead More Organizational Behavior Trends Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior Trends Outline: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Definition of OB and related terminologies. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Role of decision making in OB environments. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conflicts involved in decision making processes in organizations. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rifts between managerial level staff and operations level workforce. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stakeholders in decision making in a corporate hierarchy. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Self-inflicted ethical dilemmas and differences, causes for it. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Values and goals affecting causing ethical dilemmas in OB Read More Organizational Ethical Behavior Trends Essay1851 Words   |  8 PagesOrganizational Ethical Behavior Trends Value motivated ethical leadership is needed today. The world has such a diverse work force today, and managers must develop and empower workers to achieve organizational goals. One develops his or her ethics from his or her culture, ethnic background, and religious beliefs. This paper discusses the importance of ethics and technology in the managerial decision making process and work related stress. The influence of ethics on decision making EthicsRead MoreThe Changing Workforce Is One of the Emerging Trends in Organizational Behavior. Describe How the Workforce Is Changing and Briefly Identify Two Consequences of These Changes for Organizations.852 Words   |  4 PagesThe basic of organizational behavior (OB) is how individual behave in an organization related to its work settings (McShane, Olekalns and Travaglione, 2013). In a shifting business environment, managing of workforce has been of huge concerned and OB has offered contributions in managing workforce over the years. Globally workforce is changing rapidly for reasons such as the labour force is growing older, workforce are becoming diverse, changers in workers attitudes and labour shortages (Weick andRead MoreEssay on Organizational Behavior1070 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior In todays high demanding world it is important for employees to understand the framework of their company. For an employee to be truly successful, they must have an understanding of organizational behavior, culture and diversity, communication, effectiveness and efficiency, and learning. Read MoreThe Impact Of Applied And Behaviorist Psychology On The Field Of Psychology1327 Words   |  6 Pages What persons or ideas in early behaviorism would carry out the trend that Angell predicted? During the nineteenth century, most psychologists viewed the emergence of functionalism as being evolutionary rather than revolutionary. Therefore, the primary difference was in the subject matter of their study; while structuralism attempted to examine and describe regulations concerning psychological practices, functionalism was the trend that was considered to be more teleological challenging, and focusedRead MoreCommunication in Business in Changing External Environments1147 Words   |  5 Pagesthe degree to which an organization’s external environment has an abundance or scarcity of critical organizational resources.       2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How do the characteristics of changing environments affect uncertainty? Environmental change, environmental complexity, and resource scarcity affect environmental uncertainty, which is how well managers can understand or predict the external changes and trends affecting their businesses. Environmental uncertainty is lowest when environmental change and environmentalRead MoreEssay on Organizational Behavior in Criminal Justice1046 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior in Criminal Justice CJA/510 January 10, 2011 Brian Robinson Organizational behavior in a criminal justice agency is the way in which employees and their superiors interact amongst themselves and with one another both positively and negatively. Organizational behavior itself is the study of social conduct as it relates to the confines of a specific group. It is the study of how an individual or group interacts with one another and the dynamics of the personal relationshipsRead MoreHow Is The Organization Described? The Case Study?1265 Words   |  6 Pagesan organization with great culture crisis, the story in the study screams culture problems in the organization where employees are fired, many policy and procedures changes at without prior notice to them. Culture encompasses all the values and behaviors that constitute to a unique socialization which is a component of a healthy working environment for employees (Fullan, M. (2001). Culture greatly influences the organization s output and performance; it as well provides better guidelines on customerRead MoreLeadership: Discussion Questions684 Words   |  3 PagesLeadership: 1. Define leadership and explain its importance for organizations. Leadership is one of the most important and commonly discusses issues and topic in relation to organizational success. Actually, the strength and success of an organization is directly proportional to the strength and success of its leaders. Based on a summary of all ideas regarding this topic, Daft Marcic (2012) define leadership as the use of influence among people in order to achieve goals (p.371). Since influence

Clinical psychology Free Essays

string(170) " the components of behavioral Emotive Therapy or RET is an approach the aims to assist anyone with problems overcoming or coping with difficulties achieving their goals\." Throughout this course I learned about many models and theories related to behavioral therapy. My endeavor during the last five weeks through the world of behavioral theories has Ignited and opened my eyes to a career that I never thought that I was ready for or even in to. In this paper about personal models of helping, the following topics about cognitive behavioral therapy will be explored: How and why my viewpoint was formed from the following personal models, my view of helping, the relationship between the clinician and the participant regarding this model, quenches or approaches to change, and a coherent model that Is consistent to the course material. We will write a custom essay sample on Clinical psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Additionally, the kinds of problems that can be addressed, the multi cultural issues behind this topic, the limitations and strengths, the population this model can help, and the original thinking behind these models. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy So, what is Cognitive-behavioral therapy and why is it important? According to The Albert Ellis Institute â€Å"Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or CAB was developed my Dry. Albert Ellis In 1955 and It was developed Individuals manage their emotional, behavioral and cognitive 1) The Cognitive Model as described by The Beck Institute of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is â€Å"how peoples perceptions of, or spontaneous thoughts about, situations influence their emotional, behavioral reactions. (Para. 1). So what does this mean in plainly? It means that every persons emotional reactions are a result of their environment and their environment is the result of their emotional reactions. CAB seeks to take someone distorted or dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors and correct them so that they resemble something closer to a reality. These maladaptive behaviors are unhealthy and unproductive to an individuals life and can create an environment that promotes anxiety, d epression, and isolation. Viewpoint Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CAB) is an interesting and exciting model because the whole point of this therapy Is not accepting that a behavior is permanent and that anything can be changed with the right finesse and will. The reason I formed this viewpoint Is because of my brother Jason. Jason has always been the type of anything. This is one of the reasons why I have pursued the field of psychology since I started college. As I said earlier, The Cognitive Model Seeks to change behaviors that re unhealthy for a person and the environment around the person. Now I accept the fact that maladaptive behaviors are all decided on the society or environment that a person lives in, and in saying that, this society does not accept this type of behavior, or at least I don’t believe it does. For many years, I possessed a certain viewpoint towards my brother that created resentment and hate towards him, because I did not understand the basic principles of a theory like the cognitive model. In the last 2 years I have grown to appreciate my brothers behaviors for what they are, distorted ND dysfunctional. This has allowed me to take a large amount of bias and negativity towards him and â€Å"squash it†. Now, I am not a therapist, and I do not claim to be. Because of this, there is only so much of this therapy that I have comfortable with trying. When I started trying to help my brother empower himself and helping him feel more confident in his life, I could tell instantly that he thought as if I were Joking with him or making fun of him. He did not trust me. Because of this lack of trust, it made it trickier to help him. This lack of trust came from so many years of not being round him as much as I should have been and because I myself never treated him like an adult. My viewpoint was formed not only because of my brothers behaviors, but also because of me and my other family members that had always granted Jason the position of being the failure in the family since the day he made his first mistake. This has created an enormous sense of responsibility for me to help others and it gives me the drive and interest in these behavioral models like the cognitive theory of psychopathology, The Cognitive Model. My View of Helping My view of helping is very simple. If I can create a sense of empowerment and responsibility in someone life that make that person feel better about themselves and promotes healthy relationships than I have used my time on earth the right way. My view of helping extends much farther than this still. As I have heard in many of of my classes is that many therapists and counselors use theories of different therapists models to help their clients achieve the results they want to attain. In my career I hope to reach farther and find a theory that is my own. I believe that a theory only makes sense if the person that you are using it with is being helped by it. What I mean by this is that I believe that no one theory is best for each and every person. I know that each individual could benefit from a collection of two theories or possibly a theory that might be tailored specifically for that behavior. Clinician and Participant The relationship of a clinician and a participant regarding behavioral therapy is important to the success of the therapy. Each clinician dealing with a participant that has behaviors that they are looking to change needs that support and guidance of the clinician. During therapy it is necessary to constantly remind each participant hat while they may not be able to control the environment around them, they are capable of controlling and understanding those emotions to better sustain themselves in that environment (Cherry, 2013). Approaches to Change and Problems Addressed Individuals often follow a certain set of beliefs that are reinforced by the beliefs of their family or the people around them. This is where the components of behavioral Emotive Therapy or RET is an approach the aims to assist anyone with problems overcoming or coping with difficulties achieving their goals. You read "Clinical psychology" in category "Papers" RET addresses emotions hat are unhealthy such as, anger, anxiety, depression or guilt. After working towards the goal of eliminating certain behaviors that are considered unhealthy, RET, then focuses to introduce new behaviors or beliefs that are healthier and realistic (Ellis Institute, 2014). Course Material During this course, Models of Effective Helping, the main focus of the learning was on behavior and the theory surrounding behavioral therapy. The theories I personally focused on most of the five week course had to do with behavioral changes. My thought on behavioral therapy is that I consider behavioral therapy to be the most effective type of therapy when trying to correct attitudes or habits that are harmful to them or someone around them. I learned about Dry. Albert Ellis and The Cognitive Model, Ivan Pavlov and his work on Classical Conditioning, and Dry. William Glasses with his creation of Reality Therapy, and development of Choice Theory. These individuals have all shaped my view of how I would use these theories or treat a patient. My view point is leading me to the inevitable role of psychotherapist. Because of this course and all of the interesting theories in it, a passion has come sack to me and many theories have been learned that are all vital in the quest of my career as a behavioral therapist. Multicultural Issues Multicultural issues play a dominant role in how a client finds help or even if that same client receives help at all (Good Therapy, 2014). These multicultural issues range from sexual orientation, race, religion, ethnicity and culture. Additionally a therapy session can depend on what the multicultural issues are with the therapist. Each therapist has a simple set of beliefs that they follow in their daily lives that may also be applied in their therapy practices. Many families in America see mental health conditions as reason for seeing a health professional for help. The difference for someone that has cultural norms may see their family members as someone that talks to god because of their religion, or a certain ethnic traditions accepts this behavior as ritualistic. It is a necessity for each therapist to know a persons conditions as well as their culture considerations so that their therapists will know how to appropriately handle each person differently. Limitations and Strengths The limitations of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CAB) are inevitable to arise with some individuals. When dealing with problems in life, some people will inevitably associate negative feelings with these problems and create a habit of feeling negatively whenever dealing with similar results. The human mind is complex and because of this, there is always going to be a situation that will test someone therapy which can easily back track someone success in therapy. These limitations are present in all models and therapies. Each person is different and because of these differences, and therapy model that may work completely for one person may not work entirely for another. The best way to avoid falling back into old habits is to ATA in therapy, keep practicing these good behaviors, and recognize when you are using self-defeating behavior. The strengths with CAB are more beneficial than the limitations and because of this fact, CAB is considered to be one of the most recognizable forms of therapy. These strengths include: Helping mentally ill short term, The way that this therapy is structured creates an type of environment that is conducive in different settings (group settings, one on one, and even self help books) that ultimately allow individuals to find comfort through an environment that allows them feel more comfortable. CAB not only allows for the safe environment that individuals look for, but during this therapy it teaches them to cope with future situations that may have been hard to deal with previously. Population Served CAB is a therapy that can help any population that is having problems with depression, anxiety, drug abuse, even sleep problems. CAB helps each individuals with these problems become a stronger, more effective individual that can cope easily with hard decisions or situations. A few specific populations that would benefit would be the mentally ill population, The military population and there families, Alice officials, families, and individuals with traumatic pasts. Each of these populations success is dependent on how well each of these groups or individuals follow the therapy and there willingness. This willingness is decided on many factors that are personal to each of these people. Original Thinking The original thinking behind this model was to help individuals change behavior that was dangerous to the person with the habit. Originally Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CAB) was created by Dry. Albert Ellis in 1955 and later developed by many other therapist. The basic and original thought behind CAB was that problems were to caused by situations alone, but how we, as individuals, interpret these situations, which cause out emotional responses and actions (BBC, 2014). This thinking when it started was considered so different and untrue. The thought in the sass when this theory was created was that each persons emotions came from themselves, not because of the situations in that environment. Personally, was my grandfather was still around, he always told me that no matter how hard something becomes, a persons character defines their emotions, he was a firm believer that a persons behavior was a product of themselves, because this is how god made everyone. This had never made sense to me, and so I shrugged whenever I heard this story. Conclusion Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy is a theory that assists individuals in changing maladaptive behaviors that are unhealthy and distorted. We explored the beginning of CAB, my viewpoint of the theory of behavioral therapy, the relationship between the clinician and participants, the approaches to change and problems addressed, my course material for this course, the multicultural issues surrounding this therapy, he limitations and strengths, the populations served and the original thinking behind this therapy model. How to cite Clinical psychology, Papers

Project Management and Agile Scrum Methodology †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Project Management and Agile Scrum Methodology. Answer: Introduction: The Traditional team focuses on the detailed planning for the project, setting its scope, schedule etc. whereas Scrum team emphasizes on data-based, iterative approach with principal focus on the deliverables that satisfy customers requirements. Scrum team has daily stand up meetings which help in implementing communication or escalation plans, on the other hand these plans are just documented rarely used in traditional teams. In Scrum Team, Product owner manages product backlog, collaborates with internal external stakeholders, Scrum Master facilitates daily scrum meetings, sprint execution etc. whereas project manager handles management activities in traditional team. Sprint planning, execution, review and retrospective are another few activities in Scrum team, which are different from traditional team (Qastation, 2010). Self-organizing teams shall work together towards a common goal with a sense of commitment ownership with minimal mentoring or monitoring. They shall understand the changing requirement, manage the work as a group, enhance their skills work for continuous improvement. The advantages of having the self-organizing team are shared ownership, effectively handling changing requirements, motivation which further leads to greater performance. Apart from these benefits, it also has risk of bad code/product due to ineffective communication. Self-organizing teams may miss the timeline due to less or no monitoring. They need some level of supervision to have better collaboration within the team (Mittal, 2013). References Mittal, N. (2013, Jan 7). Self-Organizing Teams: What and How. Retrieved from https://scrumalliance.org/community/articles/2013/january/self-organizing-teams-what-and-how Qastation. (2010, Sept 9). Scrum vs Traditional Methods. Retrieved from https://labs.openviewpartners.com/scrum-vs-traditional-methods/#.WdUN1luCzIU

Ruby Moon Monologue free essay sample

Ruby Moon is set in Flamming tree grove, about a couple Ray and Sylvie who’s child Ruby goes missing. The worried parents continue to spend all their days and nights trying to piece together any information they can find about their missing daughter Ruby. As they review everything they know about the case the story turns into a detective inquest, they question all the eccentric characters on the street to try and seek clues as to what actually happened to their daughter Ruby. The characters include a Parrot-owning Christian, a wanna be clown, an ex-solider, a seductive temptress, a former babysitter and a mad scientist. Each one of these characters is a potential suspect in the murder or disappearance of Ruby Moon. The whole play follows the journey of two parents struggling to come to terms with the fact that their little baby girl is gone. Ruby Moon’s dramatic form, performance style, techniques and conventions to convey ideas, influence the way in which an audience interprets what is presented or represented in the theatre. We will write a custom essay sample on Ruby Moon Monologue or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I choose to create my monologue based on Ruby Moon due to the fact that the plot seemed very interesting and I wanted to explore more in depth as to what actually happened to Ruby as she went to visit her Grandmas. My interpretation of the piece is coming from Ruby’s perspective and describing what really happened at each of the houses. I don’t specifically say exactly who killed her as that is up to the audiences interpretation as I thought it was a very clever technique to use I kept it in. The suspense of not knowing who killed her is such a key element in this play as every character plays a part in her disappearance however big or small. Each character in my adaption all see Ruby before she disappears, but who was really responsible? No one ever knows? What contribution towards ruby did each character have? Dulcie- The Old Catholic Spinster with the talking parrot. Ruby didn’t like Dulcie and wanted to cause as much trouble to her as possible without getting caught. She would steal Dulcies parrot and teach it sinful words so when Dulcie would talk to it, it would swear or say something rude. Dulcie and Ruby never got along because of the fact that Ruby wasn’t catholic and she encouraged her to be. When Ruby went to church she caused havoc throughout the whole service and it wasn’t uncommon to see her be thrown out on usual occasions. This always upset Dulcie and made her believe Ruby had the devil in her and this created a strong hatred towards her. Sid- The sketchy clown who always had a particular strong liking for Ruby due to her youthful young appearance and innocent features. He always looked forward to her trips over to his house as he would make her face disappear and make her look ten years older then she was. He always considered her to be one of his closest friends as they used to play dress ups and other games. Sid was known for prying on young youths that’s why he was told he must retire as a clown as he was suspected for being a paedophilia. He didn’t sexually assault ruby he merely admired her company and wanted her to be his close friend and nothing more was needed. He had a deep crush on veronica Vale and longed to be with her even though that was never going to happen as veronica did not like him. Veronica- The best singer on Flamming tree grove who sounded like an angel and offered men satisfaction. Veronica would give Ruby singing lessons in exchange for her going to the bottle shop to buy her whisky. Ruby would never stay long as Veronica had men lined up all the time waiting to come over to her house and hear her sing. So her visits to Veronicas were always very short and sweet. Sonny Jim- The old retired solder who told worn torn stories of his past with his dog companion by his side. Ruby was absolutely obsessed with him he had this charm that made him so likeable and his uniform just added another dimension. His stories would keep her on the edge of her seat always wanting more. Jim and Ruby always used to tell stories and talk late into the afternoon and that’s all they did nothing harmful just talk. He would occasionally put his uniform on for her and parade around the house but this was a rare treat for her and wouldn’t happen every visit. He did however seem like the most obvious to commit the crime as eyewitnesses say they saw him in the graveyard digging up an old grave which he suspected was Ruby’s however it was just a doll. Dawn- The obsessive-compulsive babysitter with a mad temper who was completely infatuated by Ruby and wanted to be just like her. She always pretened to be the best babysitter for Ruby by acting like a big sister however when Ruby wasn’t there she would go down in her basement and make dolls which would resemble Ruby. She would make hundreds of them day and night until she would make a perfect one. One she had made them she would dismantle them signifying her absolute hatred for the girl and how much better Ruby was then she was. The dolls would symbolise the same things, as the voodoo dolls so anything dawn did to them she thought the same would happen to Ruby. She was the one responsible for giving Ruby her doll and created the pieces, which could be sent to Sylvie, and Ray’s house however she was not the one who sent them. Carl Ogle- The mad crazy terrible scientist whose experiments always failed. He was always making up weird and crazy experiments, which would help the scientific community to recognise his talent. He experimented with making concoctions, which were supposed to do certain things and make people better however they would always fail. So whenever Ruby came over to his house her would always ask her if she would like to try his latest and greatest concoction. She never seemed to refuse and in the end it was all those crazy things carl gave her that finally sent her over the edge. He was still not responsible for killing her however. He did send the packages of the dismantled pieces of the Ruby doll to Ruby’s house which he found in the trash of the house across the street. The main idea for all the characters and there part they played in the disappearance of Ruby came from the original play by Matt Cameron however much of it I made up as it flowed nicely into my adaption. I still do not say who killed her however I highly hint some suspects could have definitely but I specifically say whom. A main contributor to the things I wrote came from past child disappearance stories where children walk out their front doors and never return home again due to being kidnapped. Some of the characters have aspects from the suspects who may have taken real children in those stories. Ruby moon is similar to the play stolen as it involves the unjust conditions, which adults conduct towards children. Stolen involves aboriginal children being taken away from their parents to be forced to grow up like the European culture. Where as ruby focuses on the nature of human beings and how disgusting they can be. They both focus on family loss, which is encountered through the hardships of having to leave your family and disappearing without a trace. They both involve kids being taken against their own free will and what happens once they are gone. Once a child has been separated from their family their growth and development is compromised, as the parents are not by their side. Stolen focuses these repercussions, which cause a great deal of hardship for the family and the children. Taking the children away-enforced hardship that stumped growth and early learning. My performance focusing on Ruby’s experiences will be conducted with me sitting on a chair telling people what actually happened to me and why I am like what I am today. My costume will be similar to Ruby’s red dress however the colour is optional between red or blue because red symbolises alive and blue symbolise death. My costume can be a mix so as the audience is still confused whether I am actually alive or not. I will have no shoes on my hair will be in two little piggy tails to signify that I am still a little child. I will have a little dolly, which is called little ruby, and I will hold that the whole time. My costume is mainly based on the one seen in the play however certain aspects have been changed to fit in with my adaption of it. My adaption encompasses much of the plays information however presents it in a slightly different way.